{"id":3100,"date":"2022-12-21T07:13:12","date_gmt":"2022-12-21T05:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/davidka.net\/en\/?p=3100"},"modified":"2025-09-22T08:49:30","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T06:49:30","slug":"sh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/sh\/","title":{"rendered":"sh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-wrapper\" class=\"rtoc-mokuji-content frame2 preset1 animation-fade rtoc_open default\" data-id=\"3100\" data-theme=\"Neve - Davidka\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-title\" class=\"rtoc_btn_none rtoc_left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span>In Questo Articolo<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-1\">1. Gestione di file e directory<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-2\">2. Disco e filesystem<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-3\">3. Sistema<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-4\">4. Rete<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-5\">5. Ricerca file<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-6\">6. Archiviazione e compressione<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-7\">7. Gestione pacchetti (Debian\/Ubuntu)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-8\">8. Fondamenti di Bash<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><\/div><h3 id=\"rtoc-1\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Gestione di file e directory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ls<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 elenca i file <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ls ls -l # elenco dettagliato ls -a # includi file nascosti<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cd<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 cambia directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cd \/percorso\/directory cd .. # livello superiore cd ~ # vai alla home<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cp<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 copia file <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cp file1.txt file2.txt cp -r dir1\/ dir2\/ # copia directory ricorsivamente<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mv<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 sposta o rinomina file <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mv file1.txt \/tmp\/ mv vecchio.txt nuovo.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rm<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 elimina file\/directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rm file.txt rm -r dir\/ # cancella directory ricorsivamente rm -f file.txt # cancellazione forzata<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mkdir<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 crea nuova directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mkdir nuova_cartella mkdir -p percorso\/alla\/cartella # crea cartelle genitore se necessario<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rmdir<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 elimina directory vuota <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rmdir cartella_vuota<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">touch<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 crea file vuoto o aggiorna timestamp <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">touch file.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cat<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 visualizza contenuto file <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">cat file.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tree<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 visualizza struttura directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tree tree -a # includi file nascosti<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-2\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Disco e filesystem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">df<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 utilizzo disco <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">df -h # formato leggibile<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">du<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 dimensioni file\/directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">du -sh dir\/ du -sh * # dimensione di tutti gli elementi<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mount<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">umount<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 monta\/smonta disco <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mount \/dev\/sdb1 \/mnt\/usb umount \/mnt\/usb<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chmod<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 modifica permessi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chmod 755 script.sh chmod +x script.sh # rendi eseguibile<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chown<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 cambia proprietario <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">chown utente:gruppo file.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ln<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 crea link simbolici o hard link <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ln -s destinazione link # link simbolico ln file1 file2 # hard link<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-3\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Sistema<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uname<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 informazioni sistema <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uname -a<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">whoami<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 utente corrente <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">whoami<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uptime<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 tempo di attivit\u00e0 sistema <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">uptime<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">top<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">htop<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 processi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">top htop<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ps<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 lista processi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ps aux ps -ef | grep python<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">kill<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">killall<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 termina processi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">kill 1234 killall firefox<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">date<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">timedatectl<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 visualizza o cambia data\/ora <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">date sudo timedatectl set-time &quot;2025-09-21 12:00:00&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">shutdown<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">reboot<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 spegnere\/riavviare sistema <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sudo shutdown -h now sudo reboot<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-4\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Rete<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ping<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 verifica connessione <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ping google.com ping -c 4 google.com # invia 4 pacchetti<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ifconfig<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ip addr<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 interfacce di rete <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ifconfig ip addr<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">netstat<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ss<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 connessioni di rete <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">netstat -tuln ss -tuln<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">traceroute<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 percorso pacchetti <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">traceroute google.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 interrogazioni DNS <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup google.com dig google.com<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-5\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Ricerca file<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">find<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 cerca file\/directory <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">find \/percorso -name &quot;*.txt&quot; find . -type d -name &quot;backup&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">grep<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 ricerca testo nei file <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">grep &quot;ciao&quot; file.txt grep -r &quot;error&quot; \/var\/log grep -i &quot;warning&quot; file.txt<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">locate<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 ricerca rapida tramite database <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">locate file.txt<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-6\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Archiviazione e compressione<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tar<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 crea o estrae archivi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tar -cvf archive.tar dir\/ tar -xvf archive.tar tar -czvf archive.tar.gz dir\/ tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">zip<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">unzip<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 comprimi\/estrai <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">zip archive.zip file1 file2 unzip archive.zip<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gzip<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gunzip<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 comprimi file singolo <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">gzip file.txt gunzip file.txt.gz<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-7\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Gestione pacchetti (Debian\/Ubuntu)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">apt<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 installa, aggiorna, rimuovi <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sudo apt update sudo apt install pacchetto sudo apt remove pacchetto sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dpkg<\/code><\/strong> \u2013 gestisci pacchetti locali <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dpkg -i pacchetto.deb dpkg -r pacchetto<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-8\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Fondamenti di Bash<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Variabili<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nome=&quot;Mario&quot; echo &quot;Ciao $nome&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Condizioni<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">if [ -f &quot;file.txt&quot; ]; then echo &quot;File esiste&quot; else echo &quot;Non trovato&quot; fi<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cicli<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">for i in 1 2 3; do echo &quot;Numero $i&quot; done<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Funzioni<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mia_funzione() { echo &quot;Ciao $1&quot; } mia_funzione Mondo<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Input utente<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">read -p &quot;Inserisci il tuo nome: &quot; nome echo &quot;Ciao $nome&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Questo Articolo 1. Gestione di file e directory 2. Disco e filesystem 3. Sistema 4. Rete 5. Ricerca file 6. Archiviazione e compressione 7. Gestione pacchetti (Debian\/Ubuntu) 8. Fondamenti di Bash 1. Gestione di file e directory 2. Disco e filesystem 3. Sistema 4. Rete 5. Ricerca file 6. Archiviazione e compressione 7. Gestione&hellip;&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[376],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quick-reference-guides"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3100"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3100\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/it.davidka.net\/it\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}